Marx s Theory And Marx - 857 Words

Karl Marx (1818-1883) argues that capitalism offers promises that can never be fulfilled. Labor is central to Marx’s theory and Marx is critical on workers’ labour time classing it as a commodity that gets bought and sold just like any other non-living entity. Marx’s philosophy covers the concepts of species-being, alienation and capitalism. Marx argues that the capitalist system will dig its own grave and that all societies must pass through capitalism in order to get to a better world. Marx argued that it was impossible to leap directly into communism from capitalism. To remove people from what Marx saw as the selfish and materialistic construct that was created by capitalism, re-education under a socialism would be the necessary to necessitate the change from capitalism to socialist society. Marx was a strong advocate for socialism and largely critical of capitalism. He believed that communism was an advanced stage of socialism, thus socialism being merely a transitional stage or â€Å"stepping-stone† which was required to nationalised the â€Å"means of production† i.e. factories, farms, energy, transportation, minerals, etc.). Marx believed that these forms of industries should be placed under the control of what he called the sole producers of wealth: the proletariat. Political equality and freedom was only possible provided there was economic equality in Marx’s view, and democracy could only be further improved or strengthened by redistributing economic power. In Marx’sShow MoreRelatedMarx s Theory Of Alienation Essay2104 Words   |  9 PagesThis article will discuss about the background of of Marx s alienation theory, then briefly introduce the dimensions of alienation. The diagreement of Marx’s key theory from Weber’s con cept and the agreement of Marx’s concept by discuss Marx’s theory of alienation apply in Chinese sociological development and influence on building a harmonious society.In the 19th century philosopher Hegel introduced alienation as a philosophical concept . From a philosophical point to define the so-called alienationRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Socialism987 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. Marx defined capital as a social, economic relation between people. In many of his writings, Marx had implied that revolutions within the proletarian society would be inevitable and the proletariat would become the ruling class all over the world (Kreis, S 2000) Marx proposed this theory of revolution based on Hegelian concepts of the dialectic. The philosophical and ideological aims put forward were to bringRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Alienation1298 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx (1818-1883) who believed that society is proportioned into two: The capitalists, and the workers. The capitalists are the dominant class, they are the elite members of society that come from wealth. The workers are the middle class, they work to survive in society. Although the capitalists are from wealth, the majority of the population is middle class. Because the capitalists have wealth and significant control over the middle class, there is inequality of power in society. Marx had observedRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Capitalism976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reality of a capitalist society that was first discussed by Karl Marx in the 19th century. When Karl Marx first penned his shaping works on communism, he assumed that the relationship between workers and capital would always be opposing. While most rejected his overall theories, they did not argue with the basic idea that the interests of workers would always be at odds with those of owners. This is one of Marx s only theories that has proven to be true. As a consequence, over the years, thatRead MoreKarl Marx s Class Theory1687 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx’s class theory rests on the presumptions that each society in existence emanates from the history of class struggles. In line with this perception, from the time human society came forth from its primitive as well as relatively indistinctive state it has stayed categorized between classes which conflict in the pursuit of class interests. In the capitalist world, for instance, the factor which is the just but the nuclear cell as regards the capitalist system, becomes the key antagonism locusRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Revolution Essay2133 Words   |  9 PagesStudent: Mehrshid Jame Class: POLS 3010 Date: Karl Marx was one of the most influential thinkers of the 19th century. Marx contributed to political economy through his numerous writings. Some of the major concepts in Marx s was historical materialism, surplus value, class conflict, theory of revolution, and the notion of a classless society. Marx’s theory of revolution was based on the presumption that every historical period is based on a particular social hierarchies and social classesRead MoreMarx s Theory Of The Social Economy Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesSince the eighteenth century, Karl Marx has perhaps been capitalism s greatest critic. Writing many volumes of texts ranging from the co-authored â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† to â€Å"Capital: Critique of Political Economy†. This paper, however, will concentrate on one of his lesser known works. In 1844 Marx wrote the â€Å"Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844†, this was not published during his lifetime and first appeared in 1927,a n astounding forty-four years after his death. The manuscripts themselvesRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Capitalism1676 Words   |  7 Pagesthem. The Frankfurt school itself was a school was founded in 1923 in Germany by leftist, German, Jewish intellectuals. The school consisted of quite a few Marx followers, which decided to take a narrow selection of Marx’s theory’s and ideas and take off with them. The school sought to update Marx and explain the longevity of capitalism. Since Marx did not originally think capitalism would last as long as it did the theorist at the Frankfurt school went about breaking it down and explaining it. TheRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Capitalism1951 Words   |  8 PagesThis assignment will be about Marx’s and Weber’s theory of capitalism and how it causes crime and deviance, it will also contain information about each Karl Marx’s and Max Weber’s theories, they both had some similarities where they agreed on some aspects of the rise of modern capitalism in the western world but they each also have some unique ideas on the topic. I will also explain how capitalism can have a cause on crime and deviance. Marx’s believed that the rise of the capitalism was found inRead MoreMarx s Theory Of Capitalism982 Words   |  4 PagesMarx’s theory of capitalism is that there are two groups involved, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie is the factory owners and the proletariat is the working class. He perceives capitalism as the root of all evil, a process in which one group expresses dominion over another group and exploits them. The bourgeoisie owns most of the means of production while the proletariat owns very little of it. Instead they lack the time and energy to realize their class consciousness, or the

Genetically Modified Organisms in Food Essay example

Genetically Modified Organisms in Food Tomatoes, soy beans and McDonald’s French fries- what all of these things have in common? They are all some of the most commonly genetically modified foods on the market today. With scientists in the race to invent newer and better everythings, genetically modified organisms, or â€Å"GMOs† have become a hot topic of research in just the past 10 years. By using the genetic information from one organism, or the â€Å"DNA† and splicing it with the DNA of another, scientists can make food crops grow bigger, stay fresh longer, or even create their own pesticides. In this case however, and often with any case involving genetic modification, the technology has exceeded the practicality of this innovation.†¦show more content†¦Among the list of foods genetically created is a product from the Biotech Corporation; A modified tomato called the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†, and in theory this sounds like marvelous invention. It is larger, better tasting, and stays fres h longer than commercial tomatoes on the market. How did they do it? The FLAVR SAVR tomato was created by combining conventional tomato genes with genes of an arctic trout. This was no natural or logical combination of genes and certainly presents a lot of complication when arriving to the market. Will people with a sea food allergy be able to eat the FLAVR SAVR? Would these new trout genes allow new types of bacteria to form on the tomatoes making them especially hazardous to eat? With so many new attributes introduced through this new DNA it is difficult to know the potential side effects from these new foods. For centuries now farmers have been able to cross breed various strains of sweet corn to make it grow even sweeter, or to make potatoes grow bigger, but mixing tomatoes and fish is a match that could only have been made in a laboratory. Since it wasn’t until recently that such technology was feasible, there is no real way of knowing whether genetically modified foods would take a negative impact on the body. Many activists tend to cite an incident that occurred in 1989 concerning the nutritional supplement, L- Tryptophan. What was originallyShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Organisms And The Food844 Words   |  4 Pages Do you know exactly what is in the food you eat every day? Do you read the food labels every time you eat different food? Are companies, factories, or stores stating the truth when they claim that their food is â€Å"organic† or â€Å"natural†? The answer is probably no, unless you really are interested in what you eat. But for the most part, a great majority of the population in this country have no idea what is in their food. Most of them probably don’t even know what the definition of the word â€Å"organic†Read MoreGenetically Modified Foods and Organisms974 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of biotechnology in agricultural production is a major tool for enhancing food security and sustaining the environment. Biotechnology is considered important in addressing the challenge of food availability, alleviation of poverty and environmental conservation. In this regard (Tramper et al 408), it is important to note that GMOs are produced by the introduction of extra genetic information into a certain organism through genetic engineering. The methods are a natural creation of the strategiesRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Foods1445 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically Modified foods have been around for many years and have been in the products we consume daily. By being able to alter their genes into making them grow in a certain way like faster, tastier, and reproduce faster, these modifications allow for the plants and crops to have new varieties of plants and crops that will be formed gradually. These modifications allow the plants to be more resistant to viruses, pesticides, and insects that can ruin the lifespan of the plants and crops and harmRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Food1200 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Genetically Modified Organisms in Food Genetically Modified Organism’s were introduced back in the 1990’s; however, scientists first discovered that DNA could be transferred from one organism to another back in 1946 (Bawa and Anilakumar, 2013). It consists of organisms in which their genes have been altered. Whether it’s an animal or a plant, nothing is perfect; desired traits are scattered all around so scientists are now able to retrieve the DNA from one living organism, virus, or bacteria andRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And The Food Supply1642 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumer’s food without the world’s communities approval and it still continues today. Genetically modified organisms have contaminated the food supply. â€Å"A GMO (genetically modified organism) is the result of a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced in the genes of an unrelated plant or animal† (Seeds of Deception). The results have no health benefits, only financial benefits to the companies that produce them. The genetically modified organismsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And The Food System1684 Words   |  7 Pages or â€Å"genetically modified organisms,† are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other plants and animals. These experimental combinations of genes from different species cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding. There are currently eight Genetically modified organisms available in grocery stores across America, they are cotton, alfalfa, papaya, squash, soybeans, canola, corn and sugar beets. Many believe putting genetically modifiedRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods and Organisms Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe people’s interest in where their foods come from and how they are processed has increased steadily with growing health concerns and ecological problems. As the amount of genetically modified (GM) crop s have increased rapidly in recent years, the debates on whether GM foods are truly beneficial or not have become prevalent. Scientists around the world are making their sentiments known. Over eight hundred scientists around the world signed an open letter to all governments, the UN, the World TradeRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms and Food Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesThe term GMO or Genetically Modified Organism refers to an individual form of life in which the genome is changed or modified through genetic engineering. In other words, the DNA from an organism is modified in a laboratory and then inserted into another organism’s genome for the purpose of producing positive traits that would be useful, creating a new organism. This science of genetic manipulation has been utilized for many different purposes. One important area in which it is controversial is agricultureRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms For Food Sources Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: GMO, genetically modified organisms, are organisms that are used for food sources and are manipulated by biotechnology, most often by gene transfer (Ahmed, 2002). Most agricultural food sources such as fruits, vegetables, or any other mass-produced crops are known examples of GMO (Owens, 2000). Many question the ethics or reasoning behind the production of GMOs due to its interference with naturally bound events but biotechnological gene transfer is vastly beneficial because it leadsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Food Benefulation1774 Words   |  8 Pagesmade it necessary to selectively breed plants and animals to keep up with the demands for food. As technology has evolved even further, biotechnology has become a popular option. Recently, there has been a push for the use of genetically modified seeds and organisms (GMOs) for food relief. This push of genetically modified seeds in North America is at such a large scale that the quality of non-genetically modified cro ps is being jeopardized. The GMO push has become a controversial issue and concern globally

Research Reflection Report Al-Khair Foundation

Question: Describe about the Impact of Charismatic Leadership on Fundraising Challenges of Al-Khair Foundation? Answer: The research has been a knowledgeable journey for me. I have analyzed the role of charismatic leadership on the fundraising initiatives by the NGO named Al-Khair foundation. I cannot ignore the fact the charismatic influence of the leaders can play major role in making the fund raising initiatives successful (Sparks, 2011). Although I know that a leader possesses several qualities but I have selected one specific criterion for the present study. The fundraising issues for a NGO like Al-Khair foundation has been discussed by me. NGOs like Al-Khair work for the benefit of people. They provide support to the people in order to fulfil their basic requirements like education so that the development of the economy is restored. I have tried to analyze the role of the leaders in an NGO (Lussier, 2012). I have come to know that the leaders of NGO organizations like Al-Khair face tremendous pressure to raise money to run their NGO. In this context the scenario of the NGOs in UK has been discus sed and I highlighted the issue faced by them to raise money. In such a critical situation the leaders of the NGOs have to create interest among the audience to think in a different manner and donate in the NGOs. In this regard I have provided certain examples of the nature of working of NGOs (Neider and Schriesheim, 2002). The research is extremely important. According to me it will be an enriching study for the NGOs facing problems with raising funds. In this regard I have explored the relationship between style of leadership and successful initiative for raising funds. I have discussed the rationale behind conducting this research (Stutje, 2012). The role of effective style of leadership by the leader in an NGO is crucial for creating a vibrant culture of philanthropy and support for the NGO. In order to proceed with my research in an elaborate manner I have divided the entire research into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, second chapter is the literature rev iew and the third chapter is the research methodology (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013). The results have been discussed in the fourth chapter and the conclusions of the study have been discussed in the fifth chapter (Ledlow and Coppola, 2011). The study of the research has been validated by qualitative research. Four leaders of the Al-Khair foundation have been interviewed (Achouri, 2015). The primary data collected from the direct response of the four leaders has been analyzed. The role and responsibilities of the leaders in raising funds for Al-Khair has been assessed by me (Buddhapriya, 1999). The research methodology chapter has been formulated to discuss the methodology followed by me to conduct the research. I have tried to explain the role of leaders working in NGOs in raising funds. It is known fact that the proper functioning of the NGOs is not possible without raising adequate funds. There are various characteristics of a successful leader. But according to me the successful leaders have worked without coercion. I have used few remarks of the authors in this to validate my view point. I have emphasized on the fact that a leader must possess a charismatic personality which will help the organization to rise above the unsatisfactory situations. In the chapter of research methodology, I have discussed the method used by me to proceed with the research (Yang, Huang and Wu, 2011). The methodology used in the research aligns with the key purpose of the research i.e. to investigate the approach of the leaders in Al-Khair foundation. The qualitative research framework has b een used by me to explore the style of leadership in Al-Khair foundation and the approach of the organization to raising funds (Ritchie et al., 2015). The data used in the research is primary in nature (Maxwell, 2005). The personal approach in the research helped me to understand the style of leadership adopted by the leaders at Al-Khair NGO. I discovered some of the phenomenal characteristics of the leaders working at the Al-Khair NGO. The experience of the leaders in the NGO while collecting funds has been investigated and I gathered direct response from the leaders (Marshall and Rossman, 2006). I could understand the essence of their experience from the qualitative method of research. I had to competent enough to conduct the qualitative research (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). I could gather valid data from the respondents from my competence and skills of conducting the fieldwork. The data collected from the interview was filtered by me in the process of assessment, analysis and synt hesis of the valid data (Babcock-Roberson and Strickland, 2010). I interviewed four leaders of Al-Khair foundation. I used the method of purposive sampling for the study. According to me the purposive method of sampling helped me select the sample based on the assumption that I wanted to discover (Silverman, 2010). It provided an in depth understanding of the research (Silverman, 1997). Through the process of interview I analyzed the role and style of leadership of the institutional leaders. The sampling method helped me to make a good judgment on the research study (Seidman, 2006). The samples could be handpicked by me and the samples that were satisfactory were chosen by me. The various sources used by me from the study include the data that has been collected by direct interview with the four leaders, direct observation and other related documents (Merriam and Merriam, 2009). The modes of communication used by me to establish the contact with the respondents were telephonic inter view and face to face meeting. I took the consent of the participants before proceeding with the interview. The structure of the interview was semi-structured in nature and the length was maximum 90 minutes. I made the respondents conformable so that they are able to describe their position at the NGO with ease. I kept a written document of the interview. The documents gathered from the study were analyzed using the QSRNUD*IST software. The software tool enhanced the processing. The data collected from the interview with the leaders at Al-Khair were analyzed. In this method the approach of the four leaders regarding to fund collection were assessed and the advancement of the organization via effective fund raising were also analyzed. Appropriate coding technique was used to categorize the collected data. The ethical aspects related to the research were followed by me. The reliability of the data was analyzed by me. The literature review chapter discussed the relevant and important theories related to the study. I discussed the various leadership styles that are followed in NGOs to collect fund. It is pertinent for an NGO to collect enough funds to perform the social activities. I discussed the concept of charismatic leader in this context. It is evident from my study that a charismatic leader possesses the qualities that are followed and seldom found amongst ordinary leaders (Zopiatis and Constanti, 2010). The charismatic leaders working at the NGO will make the people realize the importance of work of the NGO so that donate money by believing in the NGO (Lo et al., 2010). In the present research, I have discussed the contribution of a charismatic leader in the organization. The reduction of the burden of the organization by an effective and potential leader has been established by me in the study. I analyzed the quality of a charismatic leader by comparing their capability with other leaders. I included the historical perspective of fundraising. It gave me an overview of the way in which the methods of raising funds have changed over time. I have gathered relevant information regarding the functions of fund raising on development of the organization. To support my view point I gave appropriate remarks of the authors. I discussed the qualities of charismatic leadership. I contrasted it with other forms of leadership like the transactional leadership. This will help the readers to gather relevant information of charismatic leadership. It might influence some of the readers in adopting these styles of leadership. I have emphasized on the importance of the leadership style on the raising fund for the NGO. I have critically analyzed the role of the leader in effective fund raising. In the literature review chapter I have discussed the potential risks of the charismatic leadership style. I have analyzed the charismatic leadership style critically by highlighting the positive a nd negative aspect of the leadership style (Northouse, 2007). The theories will be important to throw light on the research. In the literature review chapter I tried to highlight the important attributes of charismatic leadership and the role played by this form of leadership in raising fund for NGOs like Al-Khair. The research study helped me to identify the style of leadership that will be beneficial for the success of the organization. I understood the importance of raising funds for NGOs. The NGOs will not be able to serve the noble purpose without proper funding. I came to know that the NGO has to be led by an effective leader in order to promote the cause. Among the different styles of leadership I have come to know that the transformational relationship sets clear cut objectives for the followers but in case of charismatic leadership, the leader will make commitment to reach beyond the confines of the employment contract. I have interviewed four leaders in the NGO Al-Khair (Kurland, Peretz and Hertzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lazarowitz, 2010). I have studied their behavior while analyzing their interview and the analysis of the answers from the interview provided a brief overview of the personality of charismatic leaders. It came to my understanding that Al-Khair has flourished as a reputed NGO in U K as a result of its guidance from charismatic leaders. The leaders at Al-Khair have realized that fundraising is an important aspect for the survival of the NGO. Like other organizations, the survival of the NGO will depend on the financial viability of the organization. With this regard, according to me raising fund is an important aspect for income generation for the NGO. In order to make fund raising an easy process, it is important for the NGO to have a charismatic leader who can arrange for funds for the NGO without devaluing the vision of the organization (Hermann et al., n.d.). The research has made me realize the essence of effective leadership for the growth of the organization. Al-Khair is a reputed NGO in UK. I came to realize that the effective leadership is crucial for the success of the organization. During the process of the research, I have developed my analytical skills. I analyzed the research and got a clear understanding of the style of leadership that has to be adopted so that the organization can perform well. An effective charismatic leader will make the customers realize the importance of fund raising of the organization. This will increase the number of donations in the NGO. I also developed my prioritizing skills. Instead of prioritizing the other styles of leadership, I highlighted on the charismatic style of leadership. I could represent the research in a broad manner. I learnt the time management skills. I had to conduct the study within a specific period of time. This built my skills of time management. Apart from these skills I also developed the skill of professionalism. While conducting the interview over the telephone or face to face interaction, I had to be professional. I did not ask any personal questions while conducting the research. I did not irritate them with any kind of personal questions. While conducting the research I gathered knowledge of the most effective style of leadership that will be beneficial for the growth of the NGO. In near future if I get any opportunity to become the leader of my field of work, I will adopt the charismatic style of leadership. I imbibed within me certain professional values that nurtured my ethical behavior (MITCHELL and SCHMITZ, 2013). The findings gathered from the research via qualitative analysis validated the entire research. Due to lack of time I could highlight the other aspects of leadership. The concept of leadership is subjective in nature and the views can vary. A in depth analysis of the research could be provided by me with the availability of more time. But from the analysis of the research, I can conclude that there is significant positive correlation between the behavior of leaders and the effective fund raising mechanism. The fact cannot be ignored that the verbal and non verbal communication of the charismatic leaders plays an important role in raising funds for Al-Khair. References Achouri, C. (2015).Modern Systemic Leadership: A Holistic Approach for Managers, Coaches, and ... By Cyrus Achouri. pp.1-30. Avolio, B. and Yammarino, F. (2013).Transformational and charismatic leadership. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Babcock-Roberson, M. and Strickland, O. (2010). The Relationship Between Charismatic Leadership, Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors.The Journal of Psychology, 144(3), pp.313-326. Buddhapriya, S. (1999).Women in management. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. Hermann, M., Lecy, J., Mitchell, G., Pag, C., Raggo, P., Schmitz, H. and Viuela, L. (n.d.). Transnational NGOs: A Cross-Sectoral Analysis of Leadership Perspectives.SSRN Journal. Kurland, H., Peretz, H. and Hertzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lazarowitz, R. (2010). Leadership style and organizational learning: the mediate effect of school vision.Journal of Educational Admin, 48(1), pp.7-30. Ledlow, G. and Coppola, M. (2011).Leadership for health professionals. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Lo, M., Ramayah, T., Min, H. and Songan, P. (2010). The relationship between leadership styles and organizational commitment in Malaysia: role of leadermember exchange.Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(1-2), pp.79-103. Lussier, R. (2012).Management fundamentals. Kentucky: South Western Cengage Learning. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G. (2006).Designing qualitative research. Thousands Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Maxwell, J. (2005).Qualitative research design. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Merriam, S. and Merriam, S. (2009).Qualitative research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. MITCHELL, G. and SCHMITZ, H. (2013). Principled instrumentalism: a theory of transnational NGO behaviour.Rev. Int. Stud., 40(03), pp.487-504. Neider, L. and Schriesheim, C. (2002).Leadership. Greenwich, Conn.: Information Age Pub. Northouse, P. (2007).Leadership. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Ritchie, J., Ormston, R., Lewis, J. and Nicholls, N. (2015).Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and .... pp.1-30. Seidman, I. (2006).Interviewing as qualitative research. New York: Teachers College Press. Silverman, D. (1997).Qualitative research. London: Sage Publications. Silverman, D. (2010).Doing qualitative research. London: SAGE. Sparks, G. (2011).Charismatic Leadership: An Exploratory Investigation of the Techniques of .George A. Sparks. pp.2-15. Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1998).Basics of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Stutje, J. (2012).Charismatic leadership and social movements. New York: Berghahn Books. Yang, L., Huang, C. and Wu, K. (2011). The association among project manager's leadership style, teamwork and project success.International Journal of Project Management, 29(3), pp.258-267. Zopiatis, A. and Constanti, P. (2010). Leadership styles and burnout: is there an association?.Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 22(3), pp.300-320.